Combinatorics, Tail sum for expectation and Simplices
1. How many different ways are possible to have $k-tuple$ with non-negative integer values such that they sum to a given value $n$?
Absorbing Markov Chains
A Markov chain containing absorbing states is known as an absorbing Markov chain. So what is an absorbing state. In simple words, if you end up on an absorbing state you can’t go anywhere else; you are stuck there for all eternity. In other words, the probability of transition from an absorbing state $i$ to any other non-absorbing state, also called transient states, is 0.
Logistic Regression
One of the most common test case in supervised machine learning is that of classification: Given a data point, classify it into one of the many labels available
Poisson Process
Let’s imagine rain falling. One obvious parameter describing this process is the rate - whether its drizzling or pouring! Let’s now focus on a tiny patch of land and assume that the rate is constant and will term this as $\lambda$. We can describe rain as a Poisson process.
PDF of a dependent variable
``The Calculus required continuity, and continuity was supposed to require the infinitely little; but nobody could discover what the infinitely little might be."-- Bertrand Russell in Mysticism and Logic and Other Essays, The Floating Press, 1 August 2010, p.100